Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Research Paper Example The energy from a rubber band for moving an object can make for a great idea. The idea behind using the rubber band is that the rubber band stores energy while being stretched and then while released can provide energy to make something â€Å"go†. One can find the amount of energy a rubber band has by studying the rubber band while it is at rest. This works by allowing the rubber band to first rest. Once the rubber band is at rest it can be stretched. The stretching of the rubber band stores energy. Once the stretched rubber band is released it releases energy as it returns back to its pre stretched state. The energy released from the rubber band can provide enough force to power an object with wheels. If the weight is light enough for the elasticity of the rubber band, the object will move. It is important to make sure the strength of the rubber band is suitable for the object. The rubber band has to be strong enough to release enough energy to move the object. Tests can help indicate which rubber band is strong enough for the object. When the rubber band is twisted instead of stretched it can store more energy. The rubber band once twisted has double the strength. As the rubber band untwists itself it can release much energy.

Studies On Genetic Polymorphism Of Drug Metabolizing Enzymes And Other Essay

Studies On Genetic Polymorphism Of Drug Metabolizing Enzymes And Other Relevant Genes In Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus - Essay Example Overall, this kind of "out breeding" rendered Arab populations more susceptible to genetic disorders when it comes to consanguinity. This may be explained by the fact that the out-breeding introduced a variety of deleterious recessive alleles common among other populations apart from the alleles already common among Arabs. Therefore, data obtained from other ethnic groups cannot be applied to the Arab population. There is no previous report available on the genetic polymorphism of CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP3A4, CYP3A5, CYP11B1, CYP11B2, Haptoglobin, ACE, PPARG2, TCF7L2, Haptoglobin and IL-1RA and their association with T2DM in the Arab population. Hence, the present research project has been undertaken with the aim to establish the genetic polymorphism of these genes in the Arab population and to carry out the Association study of genetic variants of these genes with T2DM. Relevance The proposed study will facilitate improvement of the drug therapy and diagnosis of T2DM in the Arab population residing in the UAE. The study may find new genetic risk factors of T2DM in Arabs which can be utilized as targets for early diagnosis of T2DM, screening and more personalized medical therapy and potential development of new antidiabetic drugs. The primary objective of this project falls within the Abu Dhabi Vision 2030. This, this study will lead to substantial improvements in quality of life for affected individuals and a reduction inof healthcare costs.... in Abu Dhabi with the aim of studying the Genetic Polymorphism Of Drug Metabolizing Enzymes and Other Relevant Genes In Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and related Complications in Arabs Residing in the UAE. Our long term goals are to utilize the outcome of the study in individualization of drug therapy and molecular diagnosis of T2DM in the Arab population residing in the UAE, to develop new techniques for molecular diagnosis of T2DM, to find new genetic risk factors of T2DM in Arabs which will be utilized as markers of early diagnosis of T2DM as well as targets for development of new antidiabetic drugs, to find the prevalence of genetic polymorphism of the above mentioned genes in the Saudi Arab population and to work towards the individualization of drug therapy for T2DM based on the genetic profile of patients. Our immediate goals are to study allele and genotype frequencies of CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP3A4, CYP3A5, CYP11B1, CYP11B2, Haptoglobin, ACE, PPARG2, TCF7L2, and IL-1RA in the Saudi Arabian population, to carry out the association study of genetic variants in these genes with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and related hypertension and nephropathy, as well as to compare the allele and genotype frequencies found in Arabs with those in other ethnic groups. Project Description Background DRUG METABOLISM AND CYTOCHROME P450 (CYP) Cytochromes P450 (CYPs) represent a super family of heme-containing proteins, found primarily in the liver. Eighteen gene families, consisting of 43 subfamilies, 57 active and 58 pseudogenes, exist in the human (Nelson et al, 2004). The members of the first 3 families (CYP1, 2 and3) are involved in the metabolism of drugs. Hence, these CYPs play an important role in the pharmacokinetics of drugs. It is now well documented that large

Wk 8 (31) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Wk 8 (31) - Essay Example When talking to a client it is important to make sure that they are gaining insights into themselves and into their lives. By confronting the discrepancies that come up, a counselor helps the individual find those insights about themselves. Many times the client is not aware of their discrepancies because they are close to the situation. They may be exhibiting behaviors that they have used for a very long time and they may not know that these behaviors are destructive. They also may be attempting to move forward with their lives and not be aware of issues, behaviors or situations that may be stopping them from moving forward. When the counselor does confrontation well, the client is able to get to core issues that may be the reason why they are reacting in certain ways. As an example, an individual may think they are not getting work because of their appearance. In reality, they may not be getting work because they are going after jobs that they do not have the skills for or that are not jobs that they would like. Often clients can sabotage themselves by doing things that are counter to what they need to do to get what they want. In my opinion, confrontational skills are important to use to help the client move forward. They should be used after the counselor has built rapport with the client and when they have developed a comfortable space. Using confrontation too soon can result in losing a client or in creating more barriers for the client to work through. The client must be comfortable with the therapist in order for this skill to work and the counselor must be confident in confronting the client. Sheehy, R. (2002). Counseling skills can help you become an effective helper. The Florida Bar News. Retrieved October 26, 2009 from http://www.floridabar.org/

Studies On Genetic Polymorphism Of Drug Metabolizing Enzymes And Other Essay

Studies On Genetic Polymorphism Of Drug Metabolizing Enzymes And Other Relevant Genes In Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus - Essay Example Overall, this kind of "out breeding" rendered Arab populations more susceptible to genetic disorders when it comes to consanguinity. This may be explained by the fact that the out-breeding introduced a variety of deleterious recessive alleles common among other populations apart from the alleles already common among Arabs. Therefore, data obtained from other ethnic groups cannot be applied to the Arab population. There is no previous report available on the genetic polymorphism of CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP3A4, CYP3A5, CYP11B1, CYP11B2, Haptoglobin, ACE, PPARG2, TCF7L2, Haptoglobin and IL-1RA and their association with T2DM in the Arab population. Hence, the present research project has been undertaken with the aim to establish the genetic polymorphism of these genes in the Arab population and to carry out the Association study of genetic variants of these genes with T2DM. Relevance The proposed study will facilitate improvement of the drug therapy and diagnosis of T2DM in the Arab population residing in the UAE. The study may find new genetic risk factors of T2DM in Arabs which can be utilized as targets for early diagnosis of T2DM, screening and more personalized medical therapy and potential development of new antidiabetic drugs. The primary objective of this project falls within the Abu Dhabi Vision 2030. This, this study will lead to substantial improvements in quality of life for affected individuals and a reduction inof healthcare costs.... in Abu Dhabi with the aim of studying the Genetic Polymorphism Of Drug Metabolizing Enzymes and Other Relevant Genes In Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and related Complications in Arabs Residing in the UAE. Our long term goals are to utilize the outcome of the study in individualization of drug therapy and molecular diagnosis of T2DM in the Arab population residing in the UAE, to develop new techniques for molecular diagnosis of T2DM, to find new genetic risk factors of T2DM in Arabs which will be utilized as markers of early diagnosis of T2DM as well as targets for development of new antidiabetic drugs, to find the prevalence of genetic polymorphism of the above mentioned genes in the Saudi Arab population and to work towards the individualization of drug therapy for T2DM based on the genetic profile of patients. Our immediate goals are to study allele and genotype frequencies of CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP3A4, CYP3A5, CYP11B1, CYP11B2, Haptoglobin, ACE, PPARG2, TCF7L2, and IL-1RA in the Saudi Arabian population, to carry out the association study of genetic variants in these genes with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and related hypertension and nephropathy, as well as to compare the allele and genotype frequencies found in Arabs with those in other ethnic groups. Project Description Background DRUG METABOLISM AND CYTOCHROME P450 (CYP) Cytochromes P450 (CYPs) represent a super family of heme-containing proteins, found primarily in the liver. Eighteen gene families, consisting of 43 subfamilies, 57 active and 58 pseudogenes, exist in the human (Nelson et al, 2004). The members of the first 3 families (CYP1, 2 and3) are involved in the metabolism of drugs. Hence, these CYPs play an important role in the pharmacokinetics of drugs. It is now well documented that large

Econ 103 Term paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Econ 103 - Term Paper Example China’s growth rate was 10.3% in the previous year, and an estimated 9.2% GDP growth is forecasted for 2012. One of the key concerns is inflation in China, which is expected to hover around the 4.3% mark in the following year, primarily due to higher commodity and food prices, and excessive liquidity in the market. China’s next 5-year plan has laid emphasis on reducing reliance on foreign investments due to risk profiles. Domestic consumption and services will be the target for this fiscal year. Private consumption is expected to increase by 12.6% due to rising incomes and excessive spending patterns, while at the same time exports will target a growth of 20%. Japan’s disaster stricken economy is expected to increase at 1.5% post the earthquake, but the nature of the crisis appears to be short-term to medium term. Compared to other Asian nations, China’s economic performance is still laudable, but the creeping inflation threat must be addressed before it s tarts hampering growth. The slowdown in China’s growth will further exacerbate if inflation is kept unchecked. The Asian Development Banks has emphasized that core inflation rising is an issue for most Asian nations are they house over 2/3rd of the worlds poor population, and hence corrective measures will be required from all facets to ensure that the problem does not spiral out of control. Theory Review & Analysis: There are a number of economic concepts are work here. Two of the most prominent ones include the GDP growth and the corresponding inflation rate in the country. China has witnessed phenomenal growth in recent times, primarily due to rapid increase in manufacturing and merchandising sectors of the country. As the fastest growing economy of the world, there is always that element of keeping the pace of growth within acceptable levels to avoid the heating up of the economic business cycle. Given the case at hand, we need to understand the fundamentals which are app licable in such a scenario. This includes the relationship between money supply and inflation. Another feature in the article is the relationship between interest rates and GDP. China’s economic framework is built on the fact that their GDP grows at a steady pace, so that they can sustain this growth. However, the excessive maneuvering of its key economic indicators has lead to a cause for concern. The first issue which is to be analyzed is the rampant increase in the money supply of the country. There has been a credit boom in China, and accessibility to money is no longer an issue for the common man. With banks pursuing easy lending policies and a positive outlook from the People’s Bank of China has left the money supply unchecked and has triggered an excess amount of liquidity in the system. Now it’s an established fact that the money market is in equilibrium when money supply = money demand. In China’s case, the money supply went up and the demand for money adjusted itself by increasing. Thus the spike in demand for money began. With the interest rates on lower ebb, people realized that the opportunity cost of saving money was forgo able and opted for consumption instead. Another established economic theory is that when demand increases, the economy starts growing until a point is reached when more demand for money just pushes the

General Management - George David Essay Example for Free

General Management George David Essay George David has been CEO of United Technologies Corporation (UTC) for more than a decade. During that time he has received numerous accolades and awards for his performance as a CEO. Under his leadership UTC, a $343 billion conglomerate whose operating units include manufacturers of elevators (Otis Elevator), aerospace products (including Pratt Whitney jet engines and Sikorsky helicopters), air conditioning systems, and fire and security systems, has seen earnings grow at 10–14 percent annually—impressive numbers for any company but particularly for a manufacturing enterprise. According to David, a key to United Technologies’ success has been sustained improvements in productivity and product quality. The story goes back to the 1980s when David was running the international operations of Otis Elevator. There he encountered a Japanese engineer, Yuzuru Ito, who had been brought in to determine why a new elevator product was performing poorly. David was impressed with Ito’s methods for identifying quality problems and improving performance. When he was promoted to CEO, David realized that he had to lower the costs and improve the quality of UTC’s products. One of the first things he did was persuade Ito to work for him at UTC. Under David, Ito developed a program for improving product quality and productivity, known as Achieving Competitive Excellence (ACE), which was subsequently rolled out across UTC. The ACE program has been one of drivers of productivity improvements at UTC ever since. Early in his tenure as CEO, David also radically reorganized UTC. He dramatically cut the size of the head office and decentralized decision making to business divisions. He also directed his accounting staff to develop a new financial reporting system that would give him good information about how well each division was doing and make it easier to hold divisional general managers accountable for the performance of the units under them. He then gave them demanding goals for earnings and sales growth and pushed them to improve processes within their units by implementing the ACE program. At the same time David has always stressed that management is about more than goal setting and holding people accountable. Values are also important. David has insisted that UTC employees adhere to the highest ethical standards, that the company produce that have minimal environmental impact, and that employee safety remain the top consideration in the work-place. When asked what his greatest achievement as a manager has been, David refers to UTC’s worldwide employee scholarship program. Implemented in 1996 and considered the hall-mark of UTC’s commitment to employee development, the program pays the entire cost of an employee’s college or graduate school education, allows employees to pursue any subject at an accredited school, provides paid study time, and awards UTC stock (up to $10,000 worth in the United States) for completing degrees. Explaining the program, David states, â€Å"One of the obligations that an employer has is to give employees opportunities to better themselves. And we feel it’s also very good business for us because it generates a better workforce that stays longer. † David states that one of his central tasks has been to build a management team that functions smoothly over the long term. â€Å"People come to rely upon each other,† he says. â€Å"You have the same trusting relationships. You know people; they know you. You can predict them; they can predict you. All of that kind of begins to work, and it accelerates over the tenure of a CEO. If you have people bouncing in and out every two to three years, that’s not good. According to Sandy Weill, former chairman of Citicorp and a UTC board member, David has the right mix of toughness and sensitivity. â€Å"When somebody cant do the job he’ll try to help; but if that person is not going to make it work, that person wont be on the job forever. † At the same time Weill says, â€Å"He does a lot of things that employees respect him for, I think he is a very good manager. Even though David is demanding, he can also listen—he has a receive mode as well as a send mode. †

Apple Motivates All Its Employees Commerce Essay

Apple Motivates All Its Employees Commerce Essay Apple is regarded as the most innovative and esteemed company in the world (Fortune 2009). According to Armstrong (2007) and Legge (2009) firms should bring into action a total reward system that puts together both financial and non-financial benefits. This is exactly what Apple has done to date and given its success, this approach has proven to be useful. Apples employees might even be motivated by Steve Jobs autocratic leadership style (Thomke, et al, 2009), as the positive aspects of working for the company outweigh the negative aspects of being threatened. Apple desires to have a workplace that encourages creativity from the top most management to the lower most workers. Apple puts together both outer and inner motivational methods to enable their employees to be innovative. There are various methods that Apple Inc. uses to motivate its workers. Once, the executives of Apple were rewarded by giving the recognition bonus of 3-5% of their basic salary. This recognition took place d espite the fact that Apple recently missed their goal/target for a particular project (ZDNet 2003). This shows that Apple comprehends groups efforts. New Recruit People who get selected to work for one of the most prestigious organization in the world get very excited well before their first day at work. But, Apple makes sure that their first day is highly motivational from the time they step into the office. Apple does this by issuing a memo to every new employee on the very first day explaining them as to how they should see their efforts and contribution at the company. There has been a leak of this memo in the recent past, many people say its not the legitimate one but majority believes it is. It goes something like this: Theres work and theres your lifes work. The kind of work that has your fingerprints all over it. The kind of work that youll never compromise on. That youd sacrifice a weekend for. You can do that kind of work at Apple. People dont come here to play it safe. They come here to swim in the deep end. They want their work to add up to something. Something big, something that couldnt happen anywhere else. Welcome to Apple. Th is really boosts the energy level of the new joiners and gives them high motivation to show off their skills and talent. Benefits Incentives As we all know benefits package depend upon position, location, and years with the company. Same is followed by Apple as well, but they provide plenty of flexibility within the organization for employees and their family. Some of the Incentives that Apple provides are :- Health and Life insurance. Long term care insurance. Employee stock purchase plan. Financial education seminars. Flexible spending accounts. Short and Long-term disability coverage. Tuition assistance. Paid vacations and Holidays. Onsite fitness center. Computer Programs. 401(k) Plan with company match. Apple also motivates all its employees by giving them discount on the products which is very beneficial for most of them. Apple allows them to use this incentive only once every three years, but it could come into very handy when it comes to Mac or IPods. Employees who work at the management or corporate level can receive free IPod shuffle or IPhone. Many employees at Apple are simply motivated to see the outcome of their efforts on a particular product instead of money can sometimes be very encouraging for the employees to learn more and perform better. It also proves to be good for the company as giving product is cheaper than giving them a raise. Due to high sales in the recent past for Apple, they have provided the employees with more vacation days which again add up to the motivational benefits from the managements point of view. While few workers have complained regarding the salary provided, many Apple employees praised the benefits provided to them even if they only worked part-time. At present, Apple provides workers who work 20 or more hours a week with 401k and health benefits. Most jobs are available both for full-time and part-time, besides the managerial positions. Apple takes in many employees on seasonal basis, especially during back-to-school period or Christmas holidays starting from Thanksgiving. Although they are offered these benefits, but many workers say that these plans are costlier than their full-time counterparts. The above clearly indicates that there is difference in benefits and incentives provided to the full-time employee when compared to part-time employees. This is mainly because the amount of work the full-time employee does under such an immense pressure, whereas, part-time employee not necessarily work the entire week because their schedule is changed on every week basis. Other reason could possibly be that part-time workers dont really require the rest of the benefits as they are there only for a limited time period. Job Satisfaction The new CEO of Apple Tim Cook has been leaving his mark in the company very firmly. Recently in Wall Street Journal, it was reported that Cook is expanding the corporate benefits, such as to take some time off and the freedom to work on personal projects. Although Apple still provides fewer perks compared to some other big companies like Google, Microsoft, etc. Cooks approach in the recent past has been the differentiating factor between him and Steve Jobs. When Wall Street Journal interviewed certain Apple engineers last year they had many good things to share or say about Cook rather than Steve Jobs. They gave examples like Cook is willing to eat with the lower level of employees at the cafeteria, much keener to publicly recognize the work done by his employees, him starting charitable matching program at Apple last year. They concluded by saying that he is way more approachable than Steve Jobs was. All this recent activities done by Cook will lead to better job satisfaction than w hat Apple had earlier. Steve Jobs wasnt that much interested in the motivational sector, although he did a lot for the employees during the entire period that he served at Apple as a CEO. But, Cook has shown much more concern and interest towards employee welfare by adopting new techniques and making himself more accessible to the employees. This definitely gives the employees much better satisfaction as they now have growing incentives and making them feel what they do is known to the world through their name. Money as motivator? One of the process theories which are the goal-setting theory applies to the firm, focuses on the motivational properties of task goals. Employees within the company are highly motivated to attain task goals, which provide direction to employees in their work. The proper framework management of goals within Apple helps clear out performance expectations in the organization. They provide a base for behavioral self-management, which helps employees to improve their performance and be motivated on their job. Apple applies to the reinforcement theory of motivation because it focuses on the external environment and the consequences it holds for the individual. The organization mostly applies to the positive reinforcement strategy which strengthens or increases the frequency of desirable behavior by making a pleasant consequence contingent on it occurrence. Examples of positive reinforcement at Apple include the rewards given by Jobs as mentioned above (opening champagne, vacations, company parties). All employees are motivated to do their best work to accomplish goals because of the rewards they can receive. Incentive compensation system is another method that Apple uses to motivate employees. This includes bonus pay, which provides payments on accomplishing the targets or goals given to specific employee during a particular period. They also have an employee stock ownership plan as mentioned earlier. The performance incentive and ownerships share of ones employment is directly linked to each other. Employees who hold stock of the company are self-motivated to work hard and perform better to raise the market value of the organization. Apple Inc. tries to keep a balance between both financial and non-financial motivators. Although many a times its clearly indicated that Apple uses monetary terms more for the welfare of the employee mainly because, then the employee can use it the way he likes it. The organization also uses non-monetary means to keep their employees pumped up on a frequent basis but Apple obviously prefers to use financial incentive. This could be in wages/salary form, bonus (executives paid 3-5% of their base salary), paid leave, to be able to buy stocks at a cheaper value, different insurance policies, etc. All put in a nutshell, Apple is definitely doing a lot for its employees as present, whether at corporate level or for the workers, be it for full time employees or part time workers. Before people did have complaints regarding the motivation, salary, incentives, bonus, working hours, etc. but as time is passing by Apple is learning the tricks and trade of it and also is making sure that it brings into action the most suitable and the right motivational strategy for its employees to perform better and make sure Apple stays real strong in the market. The backbone for any company is its employees and so is for Apple. After the death of Steve Jobs, people talked within themselves whether Cook will be able to fit in Steve Jobs shoes or not? And all the critics were onto it in a flash. Keeping all this in mind and the fact that many people believed that Apple may see a downfall due to Jobs death, but from the time Cook has taken charge Apple hasnt looked back. In fact Tim Cook has 97% of Approval rating in comparison to Steve Jobs 95% of Approval rating. Here are some of the famous quotes by Steve Jobs: Innovation distinguishes between a leader and a follower. Be a yardstick of quality, some people arent used to an environment where excellence is expected. The only way to do a great work is to love what you do. The people, who are crazy enough to think they can change the world, are the ones who do.