International Business Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

International Business Strategy - Essay Example This essay discusses an example of Tesco’s entry in China regarding all the aspects mentioned above to depict practical application in the real world. Then the company has to make a research of the types of segments and what kind of segments among them are the target segments for their products. They also have to keep in mind that whether the products the multinational is offering are of any interest to the customer or not, and whether the customer’s needs are fulfilled by it or not. Multinational’s mode of entry, its strategies, and the implications are discussed. The research is given to empower the statements stated and support the fact related to multinational corporations worldwide. The entry of multinational companies is a common trend in many countries due to globalization all over the world. Many of the countries are following this ritual of entering another country after the success of their business in their own country. That needs expansion; expansion in every area of their business as that would lead them to earn greater revenues. The companies take into consideration many different aspects like what country to enter, what cultural, social, political and legal constraints they would have to face there, what mod of entry they should select and what business procedures they should conduct. There are also other considerations whether there is a need for the products that companies are offering in that country and what is the perception of that brand or company in the minds of consumers. All that is very important for the business to thrive in another country. Companies also have to find allies of the same host country so that they can help them know about th e consumers’ needs and wants more clearly as they belong to the same country and know better.

Introducing Customer Services Essay Example for Free

Introducing Customer Services Essay Introduction In this assignment I will be writing about the importance of having good communication skills in customer service. I was assigned to a two week work placement at Superdrug where I had to deal with different types of customers and their needs and expectations. I also was instructed by the supervisor to give good customer care and service to customers. Task 3 Explanation of what a customer is Customers are people or businesses who pay for goods and services or benefit from a particular business. People such as: * The elderly * Teenagers * Disabled * Insurance companies * Banks * Cleaners Task 4 In this task I will be explaining the meaning of internal customers. I will also be giving examples of what an internal customer is. Internal customers Internal customers are those people and employees who might use a companys services and products. Examples of internal customers are: Store Manager The store Manager is an internal customer because he/she benefits from the company when the company gets sales. They also may get a pay rise if the business does really well. The manger depends on the business to get sales, if the business does badly the manger is then at risk of losing money or getting sacked. Security guard The security guard is an internal customer, for his/her service of making sure goods are not thieved from the store he/she benefits from the business by getting a months salary and also may get discounts from the business. Cleaners The cleaners job is to make sure that everything in the shop is clean and presentable. The cleaner benefits from this by getting a monthly salary and may get a discount on the products he/she buys from the business. Task 5 In this task I will be explaining the meaning of external customers. I will also be giving examples of what an external customer is. External customers An external customer is an individual or business outside of the company who receives goods or services from that particular company. For example: Banks Banks are external customer because they benefit from the money that is given by companies. They benefit from this money because when the money is given to the bank the bank loans the money to other companies and make profits off of it e.g.(interest). Suppliers The suppliers are external customers because they provide the products for the businesses and the businesses therefore buy the products from them. The suppliers make a profit from that money used to pay for the product which enables the people who work with the supplier to get a salary. People People are external because they buy products from the business and in return they get good service and quality products. Task 6 Customers at Superdrug and their needs and expectations In this task I will be identifying 4 types of customers I came across while working at Superdrug and what their needs and expectations were. While on my work experience I came across a range of different customers such as: * The elderly * Disabled * Teenager I didnt come across the external customers who are: * The cleaners * Bank * The manager * Insurance company Internal customer needs at Superdrug Store Manager The store Manager needs to come to the store and buy product in-order for him/her to get paid. The manager also needs employees to come to work early in-order for the store to open if no-one comes in to work the business will have to get closed down and the manager will lose his job. He/she also needs holiday entitlement Security guard The security guard needs to get paid for his/her services. Him/her also need to have at least one lunch break and needs to be useful e.g. (watching out for thieves). External customer needs at Superdrug Bank The bank needs Superdrug to put more money into it that they take out so the bank can make profits. The bank also needs the money to get into the bank on-time and always have some of that money in the bank. Insurance company The needs of the insurance company are for Superdrugs to pay them. Elderly To meet customer needs knowledge of the products are necessary. A lot of elderly customers come in to the store for the in-store pharmacy, the customers brings their prescription to the counter and or they may ask you for something you will have to understand what they need so that the customer can purchase the product. The customers are also like to be buying the product from a decent enough price and have good quality. Teenagers Superdrug attracts a lot of teenage customers because they like to buy a lot of hair products and perfumes. They need good value for money as they dont work to get money themselves and quality products. Internal customer expectations at Superdrug Store Manager The store Manager expects employees to come in every day and give good customer service and expects a permanent job. He/she also expects the employees to be polite and pleasant to him/her, and expects the business to look after him/her e.g.(sick pay). Security guard The security expects to be treated with respect by all staff in the store, a lot of thieves come into the store everyday and if the security is to catch one of those thieves he/she expects to be praised and maybe get a pay rise for the hard work. For his/her service of making sure goods are not thieved from the store he/she expects to benefit from the business by getting a months salary and also may get discounts from the business. External customer expectations at Superdrug Bank The bank expects Superdrug to pay their money on time and use they right forms. They also expect the money to come in regularly. Insurance company The Insurance Company expect Superdrug to pay their money on time every month and not make untrue claims because this will make the insurance company lose out on money. They also expect Superdrug to fill the form out correctly when apply for that particular company. Elderly Elderly customers expect to be treated with respect and when asking for a prescription they expect staff to be polite and the prescription to be dealt with quickly and efficiently. Elderly customers also expect to have easy access around the store. Teenagers Teenagers expect good customer service from employees. They also expect the products to be of good quality and value for money. They also expect for the product that they want is always available. Task 7 Customers expectations at Superdrug are quiet high and are always increasing. While on my work experience I came across many different types of customer, below are just a few examples of customers I came across in the business and what their needs and expectation were. Task 8 Why you have to present yourself appropriately and prepare your work area before customers arrive in Superdrug. In this task I will be explaining why it is important that staff present themselves appropriately and prepare their work area before customers arrive. In Superdrug the majority of customers are members of the public, the appearance of both the staff and the premises are very important. It is important in a retail business that staff pays attention to their appearance because customers expect you to be smartly dressed, and also to be approachable this includes having good hygiene. It is important that I had a positive attitude towards customers so that they may feel welcome to return back to the store and buy products. Knowledge of products and services is also very important because customers wont always know about the product so they would seek advice from staff. In Superdrug it is important that the work area is clean and tidy before customers arrive to provide a pleasant and sufficient environment to give the impression to the customers that the store is well looked after. It is important that equipment is easily accessible to those who need to use it. For example the tills would be turned on and appropriate amount of cash put in, and televisions advertising certain products so that customers can buy them. The work tops will also be cleaned before customers arrive. It is also important to keep store safe for customers at all times this can be done by making sure that the till area is always tidy and making sure the walking areas no obstructions such as boxes and plastic wrappers left from staff stacking items. There would also be security staff protecting the store. Task 9 How Superdrug staff prepare themselves and their work area for customer service In this task I will be describing how staff in Superdrug prepares themselves and their work area for customer service. Staff Positive attitude While on my work experience I had positive attitude when dealing with customers and was enthusiastic about the products I was selling. It is also important that I was polite and understood the customers needs so that the customer will be happy to buy the product I was describing to them. Personal presentation In Superdrug it was expected of me to be professionally presented. The customers will have certain expectations including being approached by staff that is clean, smartly dressed and has good personal hygiene. Dress code I was instructed by the manager to arrive at the Superdrug wearing a smart black blouse with smart black trouser and black shoes (no trainers). It is also expected of me to have clean hair and brushed teeth so my breath does not smell while talking to customers. Posture It was important that I had good posture which means standing up straight and looking confident so that you look approachable by customers. If I did not have a good posture for example slouching with my hands in my pocket customers may think I cant be bothered and I dont care about my job, therefore customers will not feel comfortable approaching me. Personal space It is important that when I was talking to a customer face to face that I was to stand at least arms length away from them. Standing closer than the recommended length is invading that customers personal space and they may feel uncomfortable. Standing further away from the customer may give them the impressions that you are either scared or you dont have time for them. First impressions First impression of a business is very important. If a shop is first opening and the shop floor is dirty and staff looks scruffy, the customers may think the business is not run properly and may not get the chance to see the products. The customers will see the dirt and poor appearance of the staff and will expect the product to be poor quality. Knowledge of products and services Customers expect staff to know about the products and services that the retail outlet provides. It is important that staff familiarise themselves with the layout of the shop floor, this will enable staff to provide information regarding products (e.g. product whereabouts). While on my work experience at Superdrugs it was required of me to have knowledge of the section I was working in and also know other sections around the store, I was given a sheet of paper showing everything that was in the store and where they were. By the end of the day I knew where every thing was on the shop floor, when customers approached me asking where a particular item was, I was able to tell them straight away. It helped to have the section I was given to work in because I had a lot of knowledge of those products as I am always buying those products myself. Organisations guidelines and standards required for customer service It is essential that Superdrug have a customer service policy that states the required standard for customer service. This ensures that employees know what to do when they are dealing with customers and will help them provide a high standard of customer care. Teamwork It is important that staff are good at working as a team, this can improve your customer service skills as you would have to use the same skills in order to build a good relationship with your team workers. For example listening skills, negotiation skills and assertiveness. Teamwork involves sharing ideas and working together, for example in Superdrug on the pharmacy counter processing customers prescriptions is customer service staff working with each other the till staff send prescription info to a computer behind the scenes, the prescription is then processed and given to the customer. Work area Appropriate equipment In Superdrug it is important that the work area is clean and tidy before customers arrive to provide a pleasant and sufficient environment to give the impression to the customers that the store is well looked after. It is important that equipment is easily accessible to those who need to use it. For example the tills would be turned on and appropriate amount of cash put in, and televisions advertising certain products so that customers can buy them. Safe and tidy work area It is important in that Superdrug keep the work area clean and tidy. I did this by making sure that I cleaned up my rubbish after stacking the shelves. If the store is not kept safe and tidy it could cause hazards and may result in customers injuring themselves. It is also important that the workplace is kept tidy because staff may find it is easier to lose important documents. Efficient use of space It is important that in Superdrug there is enough space for all types of customers to walk about with. For example mothers with buggies and disabled people in wheelchairs. It is also important that items displayed on the shelves are easy reach by customers of average height. Remember high shelves can make it hard for shorter people to reach. Health and safety By law all employees/staff are required to take responsibility of their own health and safety and that of other e.g. (customers). It is also important that when staff use equipment they clean up after themselves or put the equipment in its rightful place. For example, when stacking out items on the shelves make sure the boxes or the products wrapping is not obstructing the aisles, this could cause a customer to trip and injure themselves. Fire safety It is important that staff follow the procedures of fire safety. All members of staff should know what to do in an event of fire and where the equipment is, for example marked fire exits, emergency evacuation procedures and fire extinguishers. While on my work experience on the first day I was shown all the nearest fire exits and it was explained to me what I should do in an event of fire. There was a practice fire alarm and it was my job to make sure that all customers were safe and evacuated the building immediately. Accident It is important that all staff in Superdrug no what to do in case of an accident to an employee or customer. If a customer or employee has been injured it is important that you notify an appropriate member of staff e.g. (manager, first aider). If the injury severe you should dial 999 and ask for an ambulance. Task10 Health and Safety risks in the workplace Task 11 In this task I will identifying four possible hazards found in Superdrug. Four possible hazards in Superdrug Poor maintenance Slips, trip and falls Fire exits Smoking Task 12 In this task I will be identifying the potential hazards and risk in Superdrug. I will also be explaining how the hazards and risks could harm employees and customers. Hazards Risks Poor Maintenance If shelves are broken and not repaired quickly. A customer might want an item which is on a high shelf not knowing that is broken they will pick up the item and the products could fall on the customer which may cause an injury. If shelves are broken and not repaired quickly. An employee can be stacking the shelves not knowing the shelf is broken they will stack items on there and the shelves will collapse onto the person causing an injury. Slips, Trips and Falls If the floor has just been cleaned and a hazard sign has not been put up. A customer could walk into the store not knowing the floor is wet, they would then walk in that wet area and slip and injure them self. If an employee has just finished their task of unpacking products and stacking them on the shelves and they leave the rubbish on the floor, another employee could walk by not knowing the rubbish is there, the could trip over rubbish and fall and injure themselves. Fire exits If the fire exits are not clearly labelled for customers in an event of fire customers could be a great danger. If employees leave their boxes and rubbish in front of the fire exits in an event of fire people wont be able to get out of the building and will then result in a lot of staff and customers getting injured. Smoking It is important that customers do not smoke in the building because if they are to drop the cigarette on the floor without putting out, this could cause the building to set on fire and put a lot of lives in danger. If employees are to smoke in the building they at risk of injuring themselves and others around them, everyone around them will be breathing in second hand smoke which could damage their body severely. The employee is also at risk of causing a fire and getting sacked. Task 15 In this task I will be explaining the meaning of communication. The meaning of communication Communication is when people interact with each other and share information. For example, while on my work experience I listened to customers needs and what they had to say which is that they wanted to buy a 3 mobile, then I gave back the right information on products and services in order for them to buy the products they wanted. Task 16 Why it is important to have good communication skills It is important to have a good level of communication skills because in the retail industry a large proportion of the work is dealing with customers verbally. Customers expect retail staff to be helpful, polite and to be well presented. Retail staff are required to have a good level of spoken English in order to understand customer needs and to be able to clearly provide information on request. Throughout my work experience I think I had very good communication skills towards customers I feel that I showed that I was enthusiastic about what I was doing. And there for customers would not hesitate to approach me. In the end it is important that the customers get what they want, the business then makes money and customers will be happy to return to the store. Task 17 In this task I will be explaining 3 types of communication I came across when approaching staff in a business Verbal communication One example of verbal communication that I came across as a customer was that when I asked a member of staff for a particular item they explain very clearly where the item was and they were very welcoming and polite Non-verbal communication One example of non-verbal communication that I came across was that when I tried to approach a member of staff in a store they didnt even make eye contact with me they just pointed to a section of the store. Body language One example of body language that I came across is that when I tried to ask a till cashier for some information they just shrugged their shoulders with an angry face like I done something wrong. Task 18 In this task I will be identifying six communication skills and why they are important Appropriate spoken English It is important to have appropriate spoken English in Superdrug. While on my work experience it was important that I was polite to customers and that my language was clear and straightforward so that customers would fell comfortable buying the products and to return back to the store. Level and tone of voice When speaking to customers it was important that I pay close attention to my level and tone of voice. For example, if my tone of voice is too loud the customer may think I am being angry towards them. The level of voice should be balanced, not too loud and not too quiet. Welcoming In Superdrug it is important to be welcoming and friendly. For example, I welcomed every customer that came into the store and ask if they needed any help finding anything. This encourage .customers to return to the store/ Listening In Superdrug it was important that I know how to listen to customers. I made sure that I listened to the customers needs and what they wanted. I showed that I understood the customers and didnt interrupt them unnecessarily. Assisting It is important to offer and give help to customers. While on my work experience I made sure I did this. For example, opening doors for customers with lots of bags, this will encourage customers to come back to the store. I also offered to get products from high shelves and if the customer was looking for a product that my store didnt sell I advised them on what others stores would sell the product. Questioning Questioning is very important in customer services in Superdrug. When customers first enter the store the first contact with them was in form of a question. For example, how can I help you Sir/Miss? or what are you looking for? Questioning helped me find out the needs of the customer. Which then gave me information on what they needed, to ask another question like, what is your budget for this item?. M3 How can I provide good customer care and services? In this task I will be describing how I can provide consistent customer care and services. Good customer care It is important in Superdrug that customers are satisfied with the way they have been treated; giving good customer care and loyalty will attract more customers to the store and keep Superdrug in business. Giving good customer care means being polite and helpful to customers. It is important that I listen carefully to customers and ask them questions so I get an understanding of what the customer wants so that I can get the right products for the customer. Having a positive attitude towards customers is mostly important because without a positive attitude customers will receive a negative vibe and therefore will not feel comfortable with me serving them. For example, while on my work experience customers asked for products that were no sold at the Superdrug store, instead of saying we dont have that I recommended them to a store that might have it. It is important when providing customers with information that I am clear and accurate about the product and that I confirm that the customer understands the information I have supplied. It is good to remember that when a customer enters the store, try and give customers more than they pay for. Good customer services When customers enter the store they should be assisted. In Superdrug every customer that entered the store was given information on the products that were sold there and the products features. It is important in Superdug to provide after sales care such as refund and guarantees. Communicating with customers is an essential part of customer service. This includes letting them know what services are available and making sure they are happy with the product I have sold to them. Good customer service in Superdrug attracts more customers and increases sales. It also improves the business reputation which means more customers just through recommendations. For example, two main factors that contribute to its business success are Superdrugs commitment to high standard of service and the expertise of its staff. To maintain these standards and keep staff up to date with new products Superdrug invests in training. D2 The importance of providing good customer care and services Importance of good Customer service Customer service is the provision of care to customers from pre-service to after sales service. It may be face-to-face, over the telephone, written or via new technology using e-mail and the Internet. Superdrug use customer care to create an overall impression of an organisation that puts the needs of the customer first, to ensure quality and increase sales over competititors. Increasingly, Superdrug have customer services departments or customer services desks whose job is to ensure the efficient process of delivering customer care, including provision for those customers with special needs. Superdrug produce literature, which outlines their Customer Care Policy or Charter; this may include their policy on refunds, warranties, after sales service and how to make a complaint. Customer service is very important part of any business organisation. Bibliography BTEC introduction business-published by Heinemann in 2005 Heinemann Educational Publishers Halley Court, Jordan Hill, Oxford OX2 8EJ ISBN 978 0 435401 21 4 John Ruskin college intranet site Superdrug 452-456 Brixton Rd

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Abraham Lincoln’s outlooks on slavery were constructed by the times and places in which he was raised and during his time serving his country. Slavery was an accepted foundation in the United States across Lincoln’s developmental years. Lincoln’s own feelings about African Americans and slavery were constant over the years; however when it came to his political positions and actions regarding slavery, they changed as the national situation changed. Lincoln had always acknowledged that slavery was wrong, but that it was accepted and mandatory for the South’s economy. â€Å"In Bloomington, Illinois, he stated ‘that southern slaveholders were neither better, nor worse than we of the north, and that we of the north were no better than they. And we never ought to lose sight of this fact in discussing the subject.†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (Dillon, Amber. "Lincoln's Changing Views on Slavery†) Lincoln first supported the idea that African Americans did not earn the same rights and treatment of the white men. His perspective of this came from his background and family. With Lincoln’s election to congress in 1854 and the start of the Mexican War, it brought the issue of the expansion of slave territory to the nation’s attention. With this, Lincoln created a coherent position on slavery. â€Å"He was opposed to black equality and had no intention of disturbing slavery in slave states. However, he recognized that slavery was wrong and should not be allowed to spread to new states.† (Dillon, Amber. "Lincoln's Changing Views on Slavery†) This obvious alter in Lincoln’s position developed as he gained political maturity. Lincoln’s next big outlook change on slavery came from when he ran for Senate in 1858 against Stephen A. Douglas. With this lively campaign, Lincoln an... ...widow, and his orphan- to do all which may achieve and cherish a just, and a lasting peace, among ourselves, and with all nations.†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ ("Second Inaugural Address." Documents America's History) Lincoln expresses how he wants the nation to change the way they have been rationalizing throughout the previous years with the issue of slavery. He doesn’t want anyone to think he holds spite towards them for their previous ways of thinking. Lincoln wanted the Nation to come together as one, instead of two as they have always been. In the previous quote he said just that. Abraham Lincoln wasn’t born â€Å"The Great Emancipator,† though he became â€Å"The Great Emancipator.† Even though Lincoln didn’t particularly have an opinion on slavery in his beginning years, his opinion changed drastically over time. Lincoln always had the Nation’s best interest in heart, and that was made clear.

Religious Tradition view of Euthanasia :: Free Euthanasia Essay

Religious Tradition view of Euthanasia State One Religious Traditions View Of Euthanasia Euthanasia is described by the Oxford English Dictionary as ‘The bringing about of a gentle and easy death, especially in the case of incurable and painful diseases’ . The Christian view of Euthanasia is that it is wrong. They understand, the pain and emotional suffering, caused in the case of terminally ill, but believe that a hospice is a better solution and that to commit Euthanasia is murder and a degrading act upon human life. The most common argument for Euthanasia, is the idea of quality of life. This term was first created in the 1970’s as a term used to describe, the general welfare of a individual. This was gradually adopted as a term to describe a persons overall existence. This ideology, has practically become the argument used to morally justify the killings of hundreds upon thousands of unborn babies, who have genetic defects such as down syndrome and the international starving of brain damaged adults and terminally ill patients. To Christian, this argument has no meaning as we were all created in the image of God and it is believed that each human has a purpose to serve. They see each human as having its own intrinsic worth and to destroy any life, whether a young born child or an elderly person is the murder of a potential. The Christians also mock the quality of life argument as they believe that it is a biased opinion and we have no grounds or framework to judge by. The book of Job, arg ues against the quality of life argument. In this book, Job claims that suffering is part of being human along with happiness, sadness and anger. This points that if you are suffering, you should live through it and it will make you a stronger person. Paul says in Corinthians 2, For when I am weak then I am strong. He says this when he is trying to describe how he appreciates his â€Å"problem/thorn in his flesh† because although he wanted God to take it away he realises that it helps to make him a stronger person and a good Christian, because it reminds him to be humble. It is based upon this that he refuses to take his own life. The Christian sees a good life in respects to a persons response, to a particular situations, whereas the humanists will see only in terms of suffering and pain experienced.

Fahrenheit 451 Study Questions Essay

What is the significance of Montag seeing his reflection in Clarisse’s eyes? Montag sees himself in Clarisse’s eyes, indicating that there is a reflection of him in her. Although he does not really know what the similarities are between him and her, he is aware that there is a connection between them. What final question does Clarisse ask Montag on the night of their first encounter? Why is the question important to the plot? On the night of their first encounter Clarisse asks Montag the question â€Å"Are you happy?† Montag replies by saying yes. This question is important to the plot because it makes Montag question himself. Even though he said yes, he can feel that he is missing something in his life. Although he might not know what that is he is missing, he starts to question himself and what his life really is. He then attempts to figure out what is missing in his life and to fill the void. When Montag enters his home, he stares at the blank wall, but in memory sees Clarisse. What extended simile describes how he sees her? â€Å"She had a very thin face like the dial if a small clock seen faintly in a dark room in the middle of a night when you waken up to see the time and see the clock telling you the hour the minute, the second with a white silence and a glowing, all certainty and knowing what it had to tell of the night passing swiftly on toward further darknesses, but moving also toward a new sun.† This is the simile in which the book describes how Montag sees Clarisse. The simile is comparing Clarisse to a clock, and how she is all-knowing with a mixed personality. At this point of realization, what happens to the smile on Montag’s face, and what is his answer to Clarisse’s question? Once Montag enters the bedroom the smile on Montag’s face goes away. He sees his wife lying down on the bed motionless and he starts to feel sad. At first Montag answered Clarisse’s question by saying yes but after seeing his wife lying down motionless, he begins to question his happiness. Describe Clarisse’s personality Clarisse is very curious and also very nice. She questions and wonders about many things. In the story, she is one of the few people who went outside the box and tries to do new things like playing with and smelling leaves. What does Clarisse say people talk about? Find some examples of representative conversations throughout the book. Clarisse says that no one engages in an actual conversation. She says that people only talk about televisions, cars and clothing but not a meaningful conversation. What is significance of the refrain repeated by the woman whose house was burned? What did it mean? What is its effect on Montag? The significance of the refrain repeated by the woman whose house was burned is â€Å"Play the man, Master Ridley; we shall this day light such a candle, by God’s grace, in England, as I trust shall never be put out.† She is willing to lose her life to stand up for what she believed in, which was for the freedom to read. Montag begins to question why books were so important to her and why she sacrificed her life. Montag starts to wonder if books had important or useful information in them. What does Montag think about the old woman and all the books he has destroyed? He felt guilty and depressed when he thinks about the old woman who burned with her books. He starts to understand that books are not easy to write, and that behind every book is a man who spends their lives dedicated into putting their ideas into books. He then realizes that he destroys something that someone spends their whole lives making in a couple of minutes. Summarize Beatty’s explanation of how the need for fireman arose? Captain Beatty explains to Montag that firemen used to put out fires instead of setting them. Since all houses and buildings are fireproof there is no need for firemen anymore. He then said that intellectual and talented people made others uncomfortable and how books always caused conflict. Then they hired men to burn all these books since they caused conflict and those men were known as firemen. Part 2: The Sieve and the Sand What is the meaning of the title of Part 2? The title â€Å"The Sieve and the Sand† refers to an incident during Montag’s childhood. When Montag was young, his cousin told him that if he filled the sieve with sand he would give Montag a dime. However when Montag tries to fill the sieve with sand, the sand just falls through the holes of the sieve no matter how hard he tries. Now history repeats itself. Montag tries to memorize parts of the Bible, specifically the Book of Ecclesiastes. However when he tries to memorize the Book of Ecclesiastes on the train, the jingle from the advertisement for Denham’s Dentrifice keeps playing. Therefore Montag cannot memorize the Book of Ecclesiastes no matter how hard he tries because the dentrifice commercial keeps distracting him. Montag cannot memorize the words in the books because he is not used to reading since books are banned in the novel. In other words his mind is like a sieve and the information or words from the Bible is the sand, and no matter how hard he tries his mind can never hold the words he is trying to memorize. What is the importance of the dentrifice commercial? In the novel, the dentrifice commercial distracts Montag from focusing on memorizing the Book of Ecclesiastes. It interferes with Montag’s effort to think. This is the authors way of saying that how humans can easily be distracted by something as simple as a 4jingle for a product. Why does Montag go to see Faber? Montag needed to go see Faber because he hid many books in his house and he needs someone to explain what the books mean to him. He remembers he had once met a person named Faber at the park. When they both started talking to each other Faber told Montag that he was an English professor before books were banned. Therefore Montag tried to find a way to contact and meet Faber to help him understand more about books. What does Faber tell Montag about books? Faber tells Montag that books are important and that a person should be free to decide whether they want to read books or not. He also said that people should not be limited to obtain useful and important information that comes from books. In other words Faber tells Montag that people should have the freedom to read books. What are the three things which Faber says are missing from society? The three things which Faber says are missing from society are the quality of information, the leisure to digest it, and the right to carry out actions based on what we learn from the interaction of the quality of information and the leisure to digest it. Describe the parlor women, their views, their conversational concerns? The parlor women were only concerned on what new television they were going to buy. Montag sees this and turns off the walls or television in the middle of their show. Then he asks one of the parlor women about the war. She replied by saying that her husband is being called up to help in the war. However she isn’t worried she says that even if he dies she would not be sad and that she would just find another husband. That’s what she and her husband agreed on. He then asks another question, this time about children. Montag finds out that one of them would not have children and the other does but does not even care for them. Mildred, Montag’s wife, starts talking about politics. The parlor women tell Montag and Mildred who they voted for in the recent election. They tell them that she voted for President Noble just because he was much better looking. Why does Montag read â€Å"Dover Beach† aloud to the ladies? â€Å"Dover Beach† is a poem about the instability of life. It speaks of loss of faith and trust. The poem is also symbolic of their society. It talks about how faith used to be full but is now â€Å"retreating, to the breath of the night wind† leaving only â€Å"naked shingles of the world† and how this life has â€Å"neither joy nor love nor light† anymore. It is a great representation on what human life used to be and how it has become. How do the women react? The women started crying after Montag read â€Å"Dover Beach†. Although they do not fully understand the meaning of the poem, they sense that it was a sad and depressing poem. The women are not used to this kind of emotion and do not know how to react. Therefore they start crying and left Montag’s house. Part 3: Burning Bright What is Mildred’s main concern as she runs out of the house? Mildred mumbles as she’s running out, â€Å"Poor family, poor family, oh everything gone, everything, everything gone now†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . Family in this context means the television walls she was so attached to. When she said that everything is gone now, she means her TV family. The TV walls were Mildred’s main concern as she runs out of the house. What feelings does Montag have about the burning house? Montag has mixed feelings after being forced by Captain Beatty to burn his own house. In some ways he is happy. He is relieved that he burnt down all the television walls that his wife was so attached to, and he also enjoyed the feeling of burning something again. However he was sad that he burned all the books inside the house and he was not happy that his wife started to turn on him after he burned down all the walls of the house. While Montag was in flight from the scene of Beatty’s murder, what thought occurred to him about Beatty? After Montag kills Beatty, a thought occurred to Montag that Beatty might have wanted to die all along. When Montag used a flamethrower on Beatty, he showed no signs of defending himself as if he did not care if he died and might have possibly wanted to die all along. What is the explanation which Montag and Faber arrive at for how so very much could have happened within one week? After Montag kills Captain Beatty he rushes to Faber’s house. There he wonders to Faber on how he killed his old boss, burned his house, and lost his wife all within one week. Faber replies to Montag by saying that all of this was â€Å"coming for a long time†. Montag understands Faber and says that he used to think that things were wrong for a long time even though he continued with his everyday life. What are Montag’s impressions of the land across the river? Montag was in awe of the beauty of the land across the river. He loved the natural beauty of the countryside, how it seemed so much freer and more natural compared to the computerized world he lived in. When Montag complained about being unable to remember Mildred, what explanation did Granger give him? When Montag said that he was unable to remember his past wife Mildred, Granger tells him about a story of the loss of his grandfather and how when someone dies they must leave something to be remembered by. When Granger asked Montag what Mildred left him he replied with â€Å"nothingness†. What was Granger’s philosophy on life, taught to him by his grandfather, and handed on to Montag? Granger’s philosophy of life is live every second you can as though in just ten seconds you will fall to the ground and die. He also tells Montag to leave his house and enjoy what nature has to offer, and to live life to the fullest. Describe the effects of the war as Montag imagined them. Montag imagines total destruction. He imagines Faber on his bus heading out of town, but there was no use. Where ever Faber’s destination was Montag imagined that it would be meaningless. He also imagined Mildred, quietly watching her TV walls and how that the bombs would hit her. What is the promise at the end of the novel? At the end of the novel, it talks about how a new era is about to begin. The promise is about a better world in the future, a world with human rights and freedom. A world in which people can read if they choose to, and how people are allowed to think of new ideas. A world of creativity and freedom.

Education and Saudi females

Education and Saudi females Literature Review It is apparent that acquiring education has become more of a basic need than just a stage that one has to pass through while growing. The value of education can never be underestimated since it influences all aspects of a person’s life. Basic definitions of education need to be examined carefully so that this important element may be incorporated. According to the Merriam Webster dictionary, education is known to have a varying contextual meaning.Advertising We will write a custom thesis sample on Education and Saudi females specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Education can be described as â€Å"the action or process of educating or being educated; also: a stage of such a process† (Merriam Webster dictionary, 2011 p. 87). In order to be to make a sound discussion, education has been treated as a transformational process which equips people in life. This paper is a review of literature on education among Sa udi females. It is a comprehensive review which illustrates how education is viewed differently in various parts of the world. This has been done by examining Saudi females and the processes of acquiring and using education. Education affects all areas of life. It can be argued out to be a tool which equips people’s minds to face the real world (Sedgwick, 2001). It is quite easier for educated folk to face the reality of life than those who are not educated (Hamdan, 2005). Hence, knowledge and information empower people by making them more resourceful in their respective communities. Besides, information is more enriching than any other achievable treasure (Elliott, 2008). This literature review makes a concerted effort to explore all significant factors of education in Saudi Arabia. It expounds on the influence of backgrounds, current and future state of education in Saudi Arabia. It also elaborates several aspects which impact girls’ education in the region. It is wo rth mentioning that this paper examines the history to female education and the challenges that females encounter in their pursuit of education. Context of education in Saudi Arabia An examination of the history of females’ educational activities in the competitive system in Saudi Arabia is pivotal. It is an informative approach which explains the current status of the education system. Saudi Arabia was founded in 1932. The ministry of education in Saudi Arabia was established in 1952 (Wilson Graham, 1994). At this time, both males and females were allowed to study through one of the three options available. Males were offered general education or traditional Islamic education, while females were only offered general education (Sedgwick, 2001). In the general education stream, males and females were taught the same curriculum and sat for the same examinations. A mandate was given to this Saudi agency which had a role of ensuring social welfare for all citizens.Advertising Looking for thesis on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The ministry of education oversaw boys’ education (Wilson Graham, 1994). The placing of girl education under the jurisdiction of the General Presidency for Girls’ Education might seem to be contradictory and probably trigger thoughts of discrimination from rationally mature readers. The fact that Saudi Arabia was, and remains an Islamic nation, accounts for why the girl child was educated in accordance to Islamic values. This could not be an issue of contention. Human beings develop well when they are given a chance to follow the norms of their society (Jerichow, 1998).Women had enough space to pursue education. It is worth noting that between 1970 and 1982, there were 11 colleges established exclusively for women to pursue bachelor’s degrees. Some of the colleges had the capacity to offer masters degrees in â€Å"education, science , humanities and social work† (Sedgwick, 2001). One of the colleges offered doctorate studies in education (Sedgwick, 2001). The charts below (chart 1 and 2) show the progress of girls’ education in Saudi Arabia from 1974/5 compared to 2004/5. Chart 1 Chart 2Advertising We will write a custom thesis sample on Education and Saudi females specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More By 2003, Saudi Arabia had the lowest literacy rate (62%) among the Gulf nations (Al-Khalifa, 2009). However, the literacy rates of men and women were 72% and 50% respectively (Al-Khalifa, 2009). Taking into consideration the rates of literacy of men and women (15% and 2% respectively) in 1970, it is clear that the literacy levels have continuously been improved though females continue to lag behind males. It is expected that by 2015, the rates will be much higher if the trends are to continue (Hamdan, 2005). It can be considered that the discovery of oil in Saudi Arabia in 1930 was an important input towards the development of education. It was used in creating a pool of funds for schools to be set up across the nation. The discovery of oil in the nation is also highly associated with much of the changes associated with women and their education. Of great impact was the establishment of the ARAMCO (Arabian American Oil Company) which brought many American families working with the companies to Saudi Arabia in 1970s. Schools had to be built to educate the children of ARAMCO employees (Jerichow, 1998). This was a remarkable economic development. It proved to highly influential to the Saudi people. They got a consistent source of income to continue funding their education. Numbers of scholars grew accordingly. More women enrolled in schools since conditions became more favorable. Modernization has had an impact on the education of Saudi people. Women in Saudi Arabia have been changed accordingly. It has a highly felt impact to the gen eral Saudi Arabian society (Hamdan, 2005). The effect of placing the girl’s education under the jurisdiction of the General Presidency for Girls’ Education can be said to have altered the way girls and women in general viewed education. Challenges Confronted The kind of information that one is exposed to determines the ability of such a person (Ramady, 2010). As much as the Saudi Arabian education system was established as early as the 1950s, one may want to argue that it has been more of a psychological conditioning for the females. The case may be so because students were given a training which mastered their way of living. They were directed towards a behavior which concurred with societal norms (Farlex, 2011). Psychological conditioning can be defined as â€Å"a process of behavior modification in which a subject is encouraged to behave in a desired manner through positive or negative reinforcement, so that the subject comes to associate the pleasure or displeasur e of the reinforcement with the behavior† (Farlex, 2011). The conditioning of females in education to fit set measures is one of the biggest challenges to their education.Advertising Looking for thesis on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Hamdan (2005) noted that girls’ education should not necessarily be streamlined to educate girls into domestic roles as â€Å"good mothers, nurses or teachers†. There were numerous of such cases in girls’ education and thus females who went through the education system became mothers, r teachers or nurses. Technically, by not being empowered educationwise, they were barred from the pursuit of most other areas of interest. The effect of this kind of conditioning has not been well documented. However Hamdan (2005) notes that it is not a highly preferred system of education. Negative Perception towards Education Though there is a clear indication that the government is willing to support girls’ education, there are also many indicators that the efforts being put in place are too little to create any difference and may just elicit negative perception towards female education (Budhwar Mellahi, n.d.). It is notable that despite the various pieces of legislatio n that are in place, women are still not entitled to fair and equal treatment just like men. This has been due to attitude of the society AlMunajjed (n.d.) The net effect that this kind of treatment has on girls and women is the creation of a negative perception towards education for females. Lack of Self Confidence Early marriages are still practiced in Saudi Arabia whereby young girls are normally married off to older men. In most cases, women perceive this as an act of degrading their self image and it reduces their self confidence. Early marriages inhibit young girls from pursuing their education further (AlMunajjed, n.d.). The system of educating boys and girls differently also contributes to degrading the self confidence of girls. Numerous complaints have been aired in regard to the resources that are usually allocated for female education (AlMunajjed, n.d.). It has been alleged that resources allocated for girls’ education are less when compared to those of boys. For e xample, evidence has shown that teaching staff posted to the boys’ schools are often of higher qualifications when compared to those in girl schools. This represents outright discrimination and it is a clear indication that females are not as worthy for investing in (Hamdan, 2005). When critically examined, this is a degradation of the female dignity and which in the long run erodes the self confidence of females (Jerichow, 1998). Lack of Role Models in Education Due to the nature of education in Saudi Arabia, it is very hard for a female student to excel in education. Because of this, there are few female leaders in the academic fields. This implies that girls who seek to identify themselves with senior girls as role models in education often do not have one to imitate. This can be quite discouraging especially where role models from other countries can not be admired by the Saudi girls because they do not incur similar challenges as those incurred by female students in Saud i Arabia (AlMunajjed, n.d.). Present Status: Higher Education and Female Students For several years Saudi women have been marginalized since it was there legal guardians, mainly their husbands and fathers who could define the destiny of a Saudi woman. Behind this denial of liberties, there are huge improvements being made in the field of higher education (Hamdan, 2005). There has been growing access for women into higher institutions of learning and particularly universities. This has been recognized as a monumental step that could lay the foundation for the rights of women and their future empowerment especially in accessing employment. It is considered that any effort to liberate and to empower the Saudi woman should be focused in education (Ramady, 2010). There has been a women education in Saudi Arabia since 1960.The efforts of the King Abdullah has further extended the education system for women and his reign has therefore been considered a golden era for women in regards to hi gher education. This King made women’s higher education his top priority in 2005 and ensured that that education of Saudi women continues to be an important objective. The efforts of the King are paying off since the current figure for women in universities account for 58 percent and the rate is expected to rise (Elliott, 2008). Consequently, to ensure that women access higher education from tertiary, Secondary and the university, he has constructed at least 300 colleges for women. These efforts have been recognized by the international community and currently, Saudi Arabia ranks 25th in the world among countries with a high percentage of women from the population in universities. Princess Noura bint Abdulrahman University is the world’s number one women only institution and it accommodates approximately 50,000 female students (World Policy, 2011). Since, Saudi Arabia is a religiously conservative country; the enhancement of women’s access to higher education ha s raised a lot of tension between the government and the Wahhabi religious establishment particularly regarding gender-integrated classes. Despite the expansion of opportunities for higher education for women, they still have to seek legal permission from their fathers or their husbands to participate (Elliott, 2008). Consequently, there are some courses that women are not allowed to undertake like engineering, construction and aviation. Women are only allowed to study law at the undergraduate level but they are not allowed to practice it. There are some cases also where women are not allowed to study, programs like general surgery, orthopedic surgery and pediatrics, as has been witnessed in King Fahd Teaching Hospital in Al-Khobar where female are not admitted to these programs (World Policy, 2011). Females Participation in Distance Education Distance education has been introduced to meet the increased demand for education. The presence of modern advanced systems of telecommunicati on and information technology, and the need to minimize costs in supplying education to a rapidly growing market, has necessitated the move to greater distance education offerings. The decentralization of education so as to reach a critical mass of the population and the need to ensure education for all has been applied in Saudi Arabia. Of particular attention, are program that target women in the population, particularly those groups who have been marginalized in the past (Elliott, 2008). Distance education is gaining prominence in Saudi Arabia. This has been made possible by the large distribution of the student population. Distance education in Saudi Arabia is also applied due to gender segregation in tertiary education where male lecturers are not allowed to teach female students and they can only teach them by use of Closed Circuit Television, one way video and two-way audio broadcast (Elliott, 2008). Distance education allows males to teach females as they do need to be person ally face to face in the act of the teaching. Higher education has been used to enhance women’s access to education and to increase their opportunities. This has been achieved by the use of VSAT broadcasting technology and the internet (Elliott, 2008). In female colleges, for example, which operate under General Presidency for Girls Education, a subsidiary of Ministry of education, has been elevated to Princess Noura University and had its lectures transmitted from Riyadh to all female student institutions in the kingdom. The lectures and tutorials are made available through DVDs and video streaming (Al-Khalifa, 2009). Technology learning on females’ public school Technology-aided learning in Saudi Arabia has been applied as a motivation to utilize computer abilities in various education domains and to promote the activities of the learners (Elliott, 2008). This system has been dubbed as e-learning. In this system, education content is delivered by the use of televisio n, Video tape, CD-ROM and computer-based training. E-Learning in higher education was launched by GOTEVOT, which is the official government authority in charge of technical and vocational training (Al-Khalifa, 2009). The ministry of education recognizes E-learning in learning institutions so as to address the issue the shortage of female lecturers in gender-segregated institutions. Way Forward Distance Education Barriers The barriers facing students pursuing distance education fall in the following categories: lack of feedback, response from teachers, comprehensive training, alienation, isolation and few Saudi women scholars. Distance learning students have a lot of insecurities regarding their learning. This support is usually in terms of expenses they incur in the course of acquiring education. Lack of Feedback or Response from the Teachers Most Female students do not have direct contact with their teachers hence leading to self-evaluation trouble. This may lead to risk of limited academic and social integration into a complete institutional life in future. Isolation and alienation There are students who have a feeling that they are alienated from the system of education. Consequently, distance education will take away the normal social interactions which are associated with traditional and conventional learning environment. Comprehensive Training There may be some cases where majority of the students are well conversant with technological issues like the use of computer and internet. Using of technology has the risk of excluding some students who lack computer skills (Galusha, 2008). In this case, comprehensive training should be encouraged in order to build the learners skills making them to be able to use technology effectively (Mà ¼ller, 2008). Saudi Women Scholars There are very few Saudi women scholars. This has been probably due to the kind of societal conditioning towards women education. As noted above, there are too many factors which inhibit the pursuit of education by Saudi women. There is need to encourage the few Saudi women scholars to speak up. It has been a challenge to get the Saudi women scholars to engage in public forums where they can be reached by those seeking inspiration. There is also need to encourage more women to participate in the job market where they can showcase their talents and abilities. This will enable them to come out clearly and be icons for young Saudi girls who might be eager to pursue education to higher levels (Sidiya, 2010). The launch of inspirational dialogue forums like the one in Jeddah is quite significant. Such inspirational talks will encourage young Saudi girls to go through the education system and come out successfully (Sabbagh, 1996). Further, such inspirational dialogue should be promoting successful women in entrepreneurship, artists and academic scholars. The Jeddah program was an online forum initiated by Unilever as part of its corporate social responsibility so as to create role models for the young Saudi women and to achieve positive contribution from women (Banga, 2011). Conclusion The education of females in Saudi has empowered women in the society and helped to reduce the gender gap which has been the greatest impediment to the education of females. This has prompted the government to reform the education system so as to address the challenges. The development of educational infrastructure such as schools for women and distance education to enable rural women access education opportunities has been put in place. The King has played a significant role in furthering education for women. From 11 colleges in the 1970s, the number of women colleges has drastically increased to 300. There is a continued need, however, for even greater effort to be channeled towards ensuring that the girl child has an equal chance to full education. References Al-Khalifa, H.S. (2009). The State of Distance Education in Saudi. eLearn Magazine. Retrieved from https://elear nmag.acm.org/archive.cfm?aid=1642193 AlMunajjed, M. (n.d.). Women’s Education in Saudi Arabia. Ideation Center. Web. Banga, K. (2011). New initiative aims to inspire women. SME Advisor. Retrieved from https://www.sme10x.com/news/new-initiative-aims-to-inspire-saudi-women Budhwar, P. Mellahi, K. (n.d.). Managing Human Resource in the Middle East. New York, NY: Cengage Learning. Elliott, C. (2008). Global empowerment of women: responses to globalization. New York, NY: Rutledge. Farlex, I. (2011). Operandi Conditioning. The Free Dictionary. Retrieved from http://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/Psychological+conditioning Galusha, J.M. (2008). Barriers to Learning in Distance Education. Infrastructure. Web. Hamdan, A. (2005). Women and education in Saudi Arabia: Challenge and Achievements. International Education Journal, 6(1), 42-64. Jerichow, A. (1998). The Saudi file: people, power politics. New Jersey, NJ: Prentice Hall. Merriam Webster dictionary. (2011). Meaning of Education. Merriam Webster Dictionary. Retrieved from https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/education Mà ¼ller, T. (2008). Persistence of women in online degree-completion programs. International review of research in open and distance learning, 9(2), 1-18. Ramady, M. (2010). The Saudi Arabian Economy: Policies, Achievement and Challenges. New York, NY: Cengage Learning. Sabbagh, S. (1996). Arab women between defiance and restraint. New Jersey, NJ: Prentice Hall. Sedgwick, R. (2001). Education in Saudi Arabia. World Education and Reviews. Retrieved from https://wenr.wes.org/2001/11/wenr-nov-dec-2001-education-in-saudi-arabia Sidiya, F. (2010). Few Women scholars willing to talk on TV. Arab News. Retrieved from arabnews.com/ Wilson, P. Graham, D. (1994). Saudi Arabia: the coming storm. Pennsylvania, PA: Rutledge. World Policy. (2011). The Path to progress for Saudi Women. World Policy. Retrieved from https://worldpolicy.org/2011/10/18/higher-education-the-path-to-progress-for -saudi-women/

Water Quality essays

Water Quality essays The U.S.A. government mandates that all suppliers of water must test their water supply for contaminants yearly. Water companies run tests constantly checking for contaminants in the reservoir (main water supply) their water comes from. There are many types of water contaminants. Looking for an indicator organism, an organism that is only present when certain contaminants are present, checks for most water contaminants. (Evans, 2001, p. 8) Water-borne diseases are one type of contaminant that needs to be checked for. Water-borne diseases are those diseases that require large amounts of water. Coliform is an example of a water-borne indicator organism that is what is being looked for in water contamination tests. (Tortora, 2001, p. 759) Water sources are checked for contamination because the transmission of water-borne diseases is high because many people share water from the same source. 1. Obtain a small sample of water from the water supply to be tested for contaminants. 2. Using aseptic technique, inoculate a lactose broth and incubate it at 37 degrees for 24 hours. 3. If the result is anything other than the combination of an acidic change in pH indicated by a yellow color and gas indicated by CO2 getting caught in the inverted Duram tube the test was negative, no further tests are needed. 4. If the result is a change in color of the lactose broth to yellow and the production of gas the test was positive, continue on to the Confirmed test 5. Streak an Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB) plate for isolation using technique and incubate for 24 hours at 37 degrees. 6. A positive result is when the colonies are a metallic green color; continue onto the completed test. 7. A negative result is when the colonies are any other color and no further testing is needed because the contamination was not confirmed. ...

Milk and Milk Products Essays

Milk and Milk Products Essays Milk and Milk Products Essay Milk and Milk Products Essay Milk is a perfect nutrient. It is a portion and package of the diet of all immature and old. It is indispensable for the proper growing of the human organic structure. It is a balanced diet. It contains proteins. saccharides. fats. minerals and vitamins in the ratio in which they are needed for the proper development of the organic structure. This is why it best suit ; babes and the ill. Milk contains Ca. Newly born babes are fed on mother’s milk. It helps in the formation of castanetss. Following to mother’s milk. is cow’s milk. Milk should be boiled before it is taken. Before boiling. it should be strained through a piece of harsh fabric. Milk loses much of its nutrient value if it is boiled for a longer clip. We prepare a batch of things from milk. They are butter. curd. lassi. cheese. pick and a figure of Sweets which sell like hot bars. They are relished by every-body. We use milk in changing measures in tea. Milk in its purest signifier is rare now. Peoples have become dishonest. They adulterate milk by adding H2O to it or they get cream extracted from it. These malpractices destroy the nutrient value of milk. These yearss tea is more popular than milk. Tea no uncertainty is cheaper but it is positively harmful for wellness. Milk strengthens friends bacteriums in our organic structure to defy diseases but tea destroys those bacteriums. Equally far as possible. tea should non be given to kids. One chief ground why the state people are stronger than city- bred people is that they get milk and milk merchandises in greater step than the people of metropoliss. Lassi is their favorite drink. The type of animate being. its quality. and its diet can take to differences in the coloring material. spirit. and composing of milk. Infections in the animate being which cause unwellness may be passed straight to the consumer through milk. It is hence highly of import that quality-control trials are carried out to guarantee that the bacterial activity in natural milk is of an acceptable degree. and that no harmful bacteriums remain in the processed merchandises. Milk fat The monetary value paid for milk is normally dependent upon the milk-fat content. and this may be determined either at the aggregation phase or at the dairy utilizing a piece of equipment known as a butyrometer. Additionally the specific gravitation can be measured utilizing a gravimeter. This can besides be used as an assistance to observe debasement. Bacterial activity Routinely it is necessary to look into the microbiological quality of natural milk utilizing either methylene blue or resazurin dyes. These trials indicate the activity of bacteriums in the milk sample and the consequences determine whether the milk is accepted or rejected. Both trials work on the rule of the clip taken to alter the coloring material of the dye. The length of clip taken is relative to the figure of micro-organisms nowadays ( the shorter the clip taken. the higher the bacterial activity ) . It is preferred to utilize the resazurin trial as this is less time-consuming. For these trials. basic research lab equipment will be needed such as test-tubes. a H2O bath. accurate measurement equipment. and a supply of dyes. After aggregation the milk should ideally be stored at a temperature of 4Â °C or below. This is necessary to decelerate the growing of any polluting bacteriums. Phosphatase trial For pasteurized milk. it is possible to guarantee that pasteurisation has been adequately achieved by proving for the presence of the enzyme phosphatase. The devastation of phosphatase is regarded as a dependable trial to demo that the milk has been sufficiently heat-processed. because this enzyme ( present in natural milk ) is destroyed by pasteurisation conditions. It is stressed that pasteurisation is an effectual precaution against spoilage and nutrient poisoning merely if the milk is non re-contaminated after pasteurisation. Production of Feed The dairy supply concatenation begins with turning harvests such as maize. lucerne hay and soya beans to feed dairy cattles. About 35 per centum of provender is grown on the farm by dairy husbandmans ; the remainder if purchased from other husbandmans. Milk Production Dairy cattles are housed. fed and milked on dairy farms across the state. On norm. a cow in the United States gave approximately 20. 576 lbs of milk in 2009. Milk Transport Milk is transported from farm to treat company in insulated oiler trucks. The mean truck carries 5. 800 gallons of milk and travels about 500 stat mis round trip. Processing There are more than 1. 000 U. S. processing workss that turn milk into cheese. yoghurt. ice pick. powered milk and other merchandises. Boxing Packaging is typically done by the dairy processor. Both poster board and plastic containers are designed to maintain dairy merchandises fresh. clean and wholesome. Distribution Distribution companies deliver dairy merchandises from the processor to retail merchants. schools. and other mercantile establishments in refrigerated trucks. Retail Milk and dairy merchandises are available at 178. 000 retail mercantile establishments of all forms and sizes – from convenience shops and vicinity food markets. to big price reduction shops and warehouse mercantile establishments. Consumer Milk and milk merchandises deliver nine indispensable foods to kids and grownups. advancing good wellness and wellbeing throughout all phases of life. The milk contains all the nutrient. including protein. fat. sugar. and other foods. a immature mammal requires for a long period of clip. Milk comes from sheep. cattles. and caprine animals. Milk is good for us because we grow up healthy and have a strong organic structure. we have crisp dentitions and have energy. Everybody needs milk illustration: babes. yearlings. ill people. kids. aged and old people. In assorted parts of the universe. caprine animals. caribou. donkeys. yacks. H2O American bison. and sheep are domesticated and milked. In most states. nevertheless. dairy cattles provide milk. Milk and milk merchandises are intoxicated and eaten in many signifiers. including buttermilk. cheese. yogurt. and butter. Milk can be reduced to pulverize. concentrated in a thick liquid. and used in cooking. Fresh milk sours rapidly. but. when changed into signifiers such as cheeses. it can be kept for a long clip. Peoples consume milk in fresh. dried. and condensed signifiers. The dairy husbandmans take their cattles to the keeping country. where they wash their cattles for milking. When cattles are clean the dairy husbandmans leads them to a particular room called the milking parlour. The dairy husbandmans take out the milking machine and attach it on the bag of the cow and begings milking. After few minitues when the cow has given all the milk the dairy husbandman weighs the milk and notes the sum in the particular diary. Each cow produces about 4500 liters of milk each twelvemonth. The milk travels from the cattles through glass pipes to the milk armored combat vehicle. The milk neer touches the air it stays clean and fresh. The milk cools in the armored combat vehicle. After this the dairy husbandmans clean the milking equipment and feed the cow. The cattles eat leafy vegetables. hay and maize that the dairy husbandmans grow. They besides eat vitamin feed that helps them do more milk. Subsequently from the chilling armored combat vehicle milk is transported to Process Company in insulated oiler trucks. Before the milk can be sold. it is tested to be certain it is fresh and pure. The milk is besides pasteurized. a particular procedure that kills any sources and keeps the milk fresh. The milk is poured into containers to sell in shops. The sum of milk a dairy cow produces varies from month to month. A cow does non bring forth any milk at all until the first calf is born. The husbandman removes the calf 2 yearss after birth. so that the cow is free to be milked. She is milked twice a twenty-four hours to maintain the milk output high and is given excess nutrient. The cow is milked for 10 months. Within three months after break uping ( giving birth ) . she is mated once more. During gestation the milk yeild falls bit by bit. and for 2 months before the birth. the cow is dry. For six hebdomads before the birth. she is given excess nutrient to assist her to bring forth a good milk supply after break uping. This is called steaming up. Get downing with the month when a calf was born. a calender is made demoing how a cow’s milk output alterations over a twelvemonth.

Sleeplessness as a Cause of Obesity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Sleeplessness as a Cause of Obesity - Essay Example Despite this research, experts are of the view that various confounding factors are playing their role in depicting the link between sleeplessness and obesity. Experts are not convinced that they have objective reasons to believe in the cause-effect relationship between sleeplessness and obesity. Nevertheless, it has generally been observed that people that take a regular 8 hr night sleep are quite lesser at risk of becoming obese than people who remain awake. Past cases suggest an inverse relationship between the average sleep time and the obesity rate. I personally think that there is a direct relationship between sleeplessness and obesity. The author provided two reasons for believing there is an inverse link. In response to them, I present my own two reasons that suggest that there is a direct link between the two. Firstly, when an individual remains awake rather than sleep, he/she is constantly exerting either mentally or physically or both. This exertion lowers the energy level and the stored energy in the form of fat is consumed. There is little chance that the individual would consume a full meal in the night like he/she does in the day because the body is not attuned to the consumption at night. Secondly, when the metabolism remains low for the rest of the day after a sleepless night, an individual is likely to consume lesser food than what he/she would consume in normal circumstances. Both of these are strong possibilities and both keep the individual from gaining weight. In fact, I personally lost 3 kilos weight during la st exams when I had to remain awake all night long for several nights consecutively. Having presented my two reasons, I know why I lost those 3 kilos. I did not eat anything during the nights, and also would not eat much in the following days. Constant mental exertion in the nights and lower metabolism during the days would have helped me lose 3 kilos. The article made me feel good. Though I don’t fully believe the argument, yet it would be nice even if it is true because I would not have to remain awake to lose weight in that case!

On Orientalism Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

On Orientalism - Movie Review Example The theme of Orientalism and empire is rooted in the reasons used to justify the colonization of the East by the European imperial powers (wings.buffalo.edu). The Palestine question is another intriguing aspect of how the orientalist trend by the West has created an ideal middle east in modern Orientalism. The media coverage of Palestinian people gives a distorted image of Palestine, which depicts its inhabitants as irrational, unreasonable and violent people. The practice of irresponsible journalism by the Western media thrusts the stone throwing brand on Palestine as violent country (wings.buffalo.edu). The Oklahoma City bombing is quintessentially a guiding experience of how the West has a misunderstanding of the Middle East as a terrorist region. The media, especially the London Sunday Times portrayed racist phrases. For instance, the attack was described as â€Å"match made in Mecca†. Said explores the impact of Orientalism in the production of information on a restrained framework that ignorant of the diversity of the Islamic world. Furthermore, the Oklahoma City bombing was not Middle East attack. In fact, the attack was reported to be from a deep-seated Christian origin (wings.buffalo.edu). The American Orientalism is rooted in American, foreign policy mainly influenced by political and economic interests in the East. The American Orientalism features along the theme of barbaric stereotypes of the Middle East inhabitants. The U.S views the Middle East with the notion that it is a terror region with the mission of disrupting peace and stability of the American people. Modern America experiences challenging diplomatic relations with the Middle East that began in the twentieth century demonizing the Muslims and Arabs as anti-western terrorists (wings.buffalo.edu). The Palestinian question is quintessentially an enlightening scenario that ushers modern Orientalism

Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Research Paper Example The energy from a rubber band for moving an object can make for a great idea. The idea behind using the rubber band is that the rubber band stores energy while being stretched and then while released can provide energy to make something â€Å"go†. One can find the amount of energy a rubber band has by studying the rubber band while it is at rest. This works by allowing the rubber band to first rest. Once the rubber band is at rest it can be stretched. The stretching of the rubber band stores energy. Once the stretched rubber band is released it releases energy as it returns back to its pre stretched state. The energy released from the rubber band can provide enough force to power an object with wheels. If the weight is light enough for the elasticity of the rubber band, the object will move. It is important to make sure the strength of the rubber band is suitable for the object. The rubber band has to be strong enough to release enough energy to move the object. Tests can help indicate which rubber band is strong enough for the object. When the rubber band is twisted instead of stretched it can store more energy. The rubber band once twisted has double the strength. As the rubber band untwists itself it can release much energy.

Studies On Genetic Polymorphism Of Drug Metabolizing Enzymes And Other Essay

Studies On Genetic Polymorphism Of Drug Metabolizing Enzymes And Other Relevant Genes In Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus - Essay Example Overall, this kind of "out breeding" rendered Arab populations more susceptible to genetic disorders when it comes to consanguinity. This may be explained by the fact that the out-breeding introduced a variety of deleterious recessive alleles common among other populations apart from the alleles already common among Arabs. Therefore, data obtained from other ethnic groups cannot be applied to the Arab population. There is no previous report available on the genetic polymorphism of CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP3A4, CYP3A5, CYP11B1, CYP11B2, Haptoglobin, ACE, PPARG2, TCF7L2, Haptoglobin and IL-1RA and their association with T2DM in the Arab population. Hence, the present research project has been undertaken with the aim to establish the genetic polymorphism of these genes in the Arab population and to carry out the Association study of genetic variants of these genes with T2DM. Relevance The proposed study will facilitate improvement of the drug therapy and diagnosis of T2DM in the Arab population residing in the UAE. The study may find new genetic risk factors of T2DM in Arabs which can be utilized as targets for early diagnosis of T2DM, screening and more personalized medical therapy and potential development of new antidiabetic drugs. The primary objective of this project falls within the Abu Dhabi Vision 2030. This, this study will lead to substantial improvements in quality of life for affected individuals and a reduction inof healthcare costs.... in Abu Dhabi with the aim of studying the Genetic Polymorphism Of Drug Metabolizing Enzymes and Other Relevant Genes In Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and related Complications in Arabs Residing in the UAE. Our long term goals are to utilize the outcome of the study in individualization of drug therapy and molecular diagnosis of T2DM in the Arab population residing in the UAE, to develop new techniques for molecular diagnosis of T2DM, to find new genetic risk factors of T2DM in Arabs which will be utilized as markers of early diagnosis of T2DM as well as targets for development of new antidiabetic drugs, to find the prevalence of genetic polymorphism of the above mentioned genes in the Saudi Arab population and to work towards the individualization of drug therapy for T2DM based on the genetic profile of patients. Our immediate goals are to study allele and genotype frequencies of CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP3A4, CYP3A5, CYP11B1, CYP11B2, Haptoglobin, ACE, PPARG2, TCF7L2, and IL-1RA in the Saudi Arabian population, to carry out the association study of genetic variants in these genes with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and related hypertension and nephropathy, as well as to compare the allele and genotype frequencies found in Arabs with those in other ethnic groups. Project Description Background DRUG METABOLISM AND CYTOCHROME P450 (CYP) Cytochromes P450 (CYPs) represent a super family of heme-containing proteins, found primarily in the liver. Eighteen gene families, consisting of 43 subfamilies, 57 active and 58 pseudogenes, exist in the human (Nelson et al, 2004). The members of the first 3 families (CYP1, 2 and3) are involved in the metabolism of drugs. Hence, these CYPs play an important role in the pharmacokinetics of drugs. It is now well documented that large

Wk 8 (31) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Wk 8 (31) - Essay Example When talking to a client it is important to make sure that they are gaining insights into themselves and into their lives. By confronting the discrepancies that come up, a counselor helps the individual find those insights about themselves. Many times the client is not aware of their discrepancies because they are close to the situation. They may be exhibiting behaviors that they have used for a very long time and they may not know that these behaviors are destructive. They also may be attempting to move forward with their lives and not be aware of issues, behaviors or situations that may be stopping them from moving forward. When the counselor does confrontation well, the client is able to get to core issues that may be the reason why they are reacting in certain ways. As an example, an individual may think they are not getting work because of their appearance. In reality, they may not be getting work because they are going after jobs that they do not have the skills for or that are not jobs that they would like. Often clients can sabotage themselves by doing things that are counter to what they need to do to get what they want. In my opinion, confrontational skills are important to use to help the client move forward. They should be used after the counselor has built rapport with the client and when they have developed a comfortable space. Using confrontation too soon can result in losing a client or in creating more barriers for the client to work through. The client must be comfortable with the therapist in order for this skill to work and the counselor must be confident in confronting the client. Sheehy, R. (2002). Counseling skills can help you become an effective helper. The Florida Bar News. Retrieved October 26, 2009 from http://www.floridabar.org/

Studies On Genetic Polymorphism Of Drug Metabolizing Enzymes And Other Essay

Studies On Genetic Polymorphism Of Drug Metabolizing Enzymes And Other Relevant Genes In Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus - Essay Example Overall, this kind of "out breeding" rendered Arab populations more susceptible to genetic disorders when it comes to consanguinity. This may be explained by the fact that the out-breeding introduced a variety of deleterious recessive alleles common among other populations apart from the alleles already common among Arabs. Therefore, data obtained from other ethnic groups cannot be applied to the Arab population. There is no previous report available on the genetic polymorphism of CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP3A4, CYP3A5, CYP11B1, CYP11B2, Haptoglobin, ACE, PPARG2, TCF7L2, Haptoglobin and IL-1RA and their association with T2DM in the Arab population. Hence, the present research project has been undertaken with the aim to establish the genetic polymorphism of these genes in the Arab population and to carry out the Association study of genetic variants of these genes with T2DM. Relevance The proposed study will facilitate improvement of the drug therapy and diagnosis of T2DM in the Arab population residing in the UAE. The study may find new genetic risk factors of T2DM in Arabs which can be utilized as targets for early diagnosis of T2DM, screening and more personalized medical therapy and potential development of new antidiabetic drugs. The primary objective of this project falls within the Abu Dhabi Vision 2030. This, this study will lead to substantial improvements in quality of life for affected individuals and a reduction inof healthcare costs.... in Abu Dhabi with the aim of studying the Genetic Polymorphism Of Drug Metabolizing Enzymes and Other Relevant Genes In Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and related Complications in Arabs Residing in the UAE. Our long term goals are to utilize the outcome of the study in individualization of drug therapy and molecular diagnosis of T2DM in the Arab population residing in the UAE, to develop new techniques for molecular diagnosis of T2DM, to find new genetic risk factors of T2DM in Arabs which will be utilized as markers of early diagnosis of T2DM as well as targets for development of new antidiabetic drugs, to find the prevalence of genetic polymorphism of the above mentioned genes in the Saudi Arab population and to work towards the individualization of drug therapy for T2DM based on the genetic profile of patients. Our immediate goals are to study allele and genotype frequencies of CYP2C8, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP3A4, CYP3A5, CYP11B1, CYP11B2, Haptoglobin, ACE, PPARG2, TCF7L2, and IL-1RA in the Saudi Arabian population, to carry out the association study of genetic variants in these genes with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and related hypertension and nephropathy, as well as to compare the allele and genotype frequencies found in Arabs with those in other ethnic groups. Project Description Background DRUG METABOLISM AND CYTOCHROME P450 (CYP) Cytochromes P450 (CYPs) represent a super family of heme-containing proteins, found primarily in the liver. Eighteen gene families, consisting of 43 subfamilies, 57 active and 58 pseudogenes, exist in the human (Nelson et al, 2004). The members of the first 3 families (CYP1, 2 and3) are involved in the metabolism of drugs. Hence, these CYPs play an important role in the pharmacokinetics of drugs. It is now well documented that large

Econ 103 Term paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Econ 103 - Term Paper Example China’s growth rate was 10.3% in the previous year, and an estimated 9.2% GDP growth is forecasted for 2012. One of the key concerns is inflation in China, which is expected to hover around the 4.3% mark in the following year, primarily due to higher commodity and food prices, and excessive liquidity in the market. China’s next 5-year plan has laid emphasis on reducing reliance on foreign investments due to risk profiles. Domestic consumption and services will be the target for this fiscal year. Private consumption is expected to increase by 12.6% due to rising incomes and excessive spending patterns, while at the same time exports will target a growth of 20%. Japan’s disaster stricken economy is expected to increase at 1.5% post the earthquake, but the nature of the crisis appears to be short-term to medium term. Compared to other Asian nations, China’s economic performance is still laudable, but the creeping inflation threat must be addressed before it s tarts hampering growth. The slowdown in China’s growth will further exacerbate if inflation is kept unchecked. The Asian Development Banks has emphasized that core inflation rising is an issue for most Asian nations are they house over 2/3rd of the worlds poor population, and hence corrective measures will be required from all facets to ensure that the problem does not spiral out of control. Theory Review & Analysis: There are a number of economic concepts are work here. Two of the most prominent ones include the GDP growth and the corresponding inflation rate in the country. China has witnessed phenomenal growth in recent times, primarily due to rapid increase in manufacturing and merchandising sectors of the country. As the fastest growing economy of the world, there is always that element of keeping the pace of growth within acceptable levels to avoid the heating up of the economic business cycle. Given the case at hand, we need to understand the fundamentals which are app licable in such a scenario. This includes the relationship between money supply and inflation. Another feature in the article is the relationship between interest rates and GDP. China’s economic framework is built on the fact that their GDP grows at a steady pace, so that they can sustain this growth. However, the excessive maneuvering of its key economic indicators has lead to a cause for concern. The first issue which is to be analyzed is the rampant increase in the money supply of the country. There has been a credit boom in China, and accessibility to money is no longer an issue for the common man. With banks pursuing easy lending policies and a positive outlook from the People’s Bank of China has left the money supply unchecked and has triggered an excess amount of liquidity in the system. Now it’s an established fact that the money market is in equilibrium when money supply = money demand. In China’s case, the money supply went up and the demand for money adjusted itself by increasing. Thus the spike in demand for money began. With the interest rates on lower ebb, people realized that the opportunity cost of saving money was forgo able and opted for consumption instead. Another established economic theory is that when demand increases, the economy starts growing until a point is reached when more demand for money just pushes the

General Management - George David Essay Example for Free

General Management George David Essay George David has been CEO of United Technologies Corporation (UTC) for more than a decade. During that time he has received numerous accolades and awards for his performance as a CEO. Under his leadership UTC, a $343 billion conglomerate whose operating units include manufacturers of elevators (Otis Elevator), aerospace products (including Pratt Whitney jet engines and Sikorsky helicopters), air conditioning systems, and fire and security systems, has seen earnings grow at 10–14 percent annually—impressive numbers for any company but particularly for a manufacturing enterprise. According to David, a key to United Technologies’ success has been sustained improvements in productivity and product quality. The story goes back to the 1980s when David was running the international operations of Otis Elevator. There he encountered a Japanese engineer, Yuzuru Ito, who had been brought in to determine why a new elevator product was performing poorly. David was impressed with Ito’s methods for identifying quality problems and improving performance. When he was promoted to CEO, David realized that he had to lower the costs and improve the quality of UTC’s products. One of the first things he did was persuade Ito to work for him at UTC. Under David, Ito developed a program for improving product quality and productivity, known as Achieving Competitive Excellence (ACE), which was subsequently rolled out across UTC. The ACE program has been one of drivers of productivity improvements at UTC ever since. Early in his tenure as CEO, David also radically reorganized UTC. He dramatically cut the size of the head office and decentralized decision making to business divisions. He also directed his accounting staff to develop a new financial reporting system that would give him good information about how well each division was doing and make it easier to hold divisional general managers accountable for the performance of the units under them. He then gave them demanding goals for earnings and sales growth and pushed them to improve processes within their units by implementing the ACE program. At the same time David has always stressed that management is about more than goal setting and holding people accountable. Values are also important. David has insisted that UTC employees adhere to the highest ethical standards, that the company produce that have minimal environmental impact, and that employee safety remain the top consideration in the work-place. When asked what his greatest achievement as a manager has been, David refers to UTC’s worldwide employee scholarship program. Implemented in 1996 and considered the hall-mark of UTC’s commitment to employee development, the program pays the entire cost of an employee’s college or graduate school education, allows employees to pursue any subject at an accredited school, provides paid study time, and awards UTC stock (up to $10,000 worth in the United States) for completing degrees. Explaining the program, David states, â€Å"One of the obligations that an employer has is to give employees opportunities to better themselves. And we feel it’s also very good business for us because it generates a better workforce that stays longer. † David states that one of his central tasks has been to build a management team that functions smoothly over the long term. â€Å"People come to rely upon each other,† he says. â€Å"You have the same trusting relationships. You know people; they know you. You can predict them; they can predict you. All of that kind of begins to work, and it accelerates over the tenure of a CEO. If you have people bouncing in and out every two to three years, that’s not good. According to Sandy Weill, former chairman of Citicorp and a UTC board member, David has the right mix of toughness and sensitivity. â€Å"When somebody cant do the job he’ll try to help; but if that person is not going to make it work, that person wont be on the job forever. † At the same time Weill says, â€Å"He does a lot of things that employees respect him for, I think he is a very good manager. Even though David is demanding, he can also listen—he has a receive mode as well as a send mode. †

Apple Motivates All Its Employees Commerce Essay

Apple Motivates All Its Employees Commerce Essay Apple is regarded as the most innovative and esteemed company in the world (Fortune 2009). According to Armstrong (2007) and Legge (2009) firms should bring into action a total reward system that puts together both financial and non-financial benefits. This is exactly what Apple has done to date and given its success, this approach has proven to be useful. Apples employees might even be motivated by Steve Jobs autocratic leadership style (Thomke, et al, 2009), as the positive aspects of working for the company outweigh the negative aspects of being threatened. Apple desires to have a workplace that encourages creativity from the top most management to the lower most workers. Apple puts together both outer and inner motivational methods to enable their employees to be innovative. There are various methods that Apple Inc. uses to motivate its workers. Once, the executives of Apple were rewarded by giving the recognition bonus of 3-5% of their basic salary. This recognition took place d espite the fact that Apple recently missed their goal/target for a particular project (ZDNet 2003). This shows that Apple comprehends groups efforts. New Recruit People who get selected to work for one of the most prestigious organization in the world get very excited well before their first day at work. But, Apple makes sure that their first day is highly motivational from the time they step into the office. Apple does this by issuing a memo to every new employee on the very first day explaining them as to how they should see their efforts and contribution at the company. There has been a leak of this memo in the recent past, many people say its not the legitimate one but majority believes it is. It goes something like this: Theres work and theres your lifes work. The kind of work that has your fingerprints all over it. The kind of work that youll never compromise on. That youd sacrifice a weekend for. You can do that kind of work at Apple. People dont come here to play it safe. They come here to swim in the deep end. They want their work to add up to something. Something big, something that couldnt happen anywhere else. Welcome to Apple. Th is really boosts the energy level of the new joiners and gives them high motivation to show off their skills and talent. Benefits Incentives As we all know benefits package depend upon position, location, and years with the company. Same is followed by Apple as well, but they provide plenty of flexibility within the organization for employees and their family. Some of the Incentives that Apple provides are :- Health and Life insurance. Long term care insurance. Employee stock purchase plan. Financial education seminars. Flexible spending accounts. Short and Long-term disability coverage. Tuition assistance. Paid vacations and Holidays. Onsite fitness center. Computer Programs. 401(k) Plan with company match. Apple also motivates all its employees by giving them discount on the products which is very beneficial for most of them. Apple allows them to use this incentive only once every three years, but it could come into very handy when it comes to Mac or IPods. Employees who work at the management or corporate level can receive free IPod shuffle or IPhone. Many employees at Apple are simply motivated to see the outcome of their efforts on a particular product instead of money can sometimes be very encouraging for the employees to learn more and perform better. It also proves to be good for the company as giving product is cheaper than giving them a raise. Due to high sales in the recent past for Apple, they have provided the employees with more vacation days which again add up to the motivational benefits from the managements point of view. While few workers have complained regarding the salary provided, many Apple employees praised the benefits provided to them even if they only worked part-time. At present, Apple provides workers who work 20 or more hours a week with 401k and health benefits. Most jobs are available both for full-time and part-time, besides the managerial positions. Apple takes in many employees on seasonal basis, especially during back-to-school period or Christmas holidays starting from Thanksgiving. Although they are offered these benefits, but many workers say that these plans are costlier than their full-time counterparts. The above clearly indicates that there is difference in benefits and incentives provided to the full-time employee when compared to part-time employees. This is mainly because the amount of work the full-time employee does under such an immense pressure, whereas, part-time employee not necessarily work the entire week because their schedule is changed on every week basis. Other reason could possibly be that part-time workers dont really require the rest of the benefits as they are there only for a limited time period. Job Satisfaction The new CEO of Apple Tim Cook has been leaving his mark in the company very firmly. Recently in Wall Street Journal, it was reported that Cook is expanding the corporate benefits, such as to take some time off and the freedom to work on personal projects. Although Apple still provides fewer perks compared to some other big companies like Google, Microsoft, etc. Cooks approach in the recent past has been the differentiating factor between him and Steve Jobs. When Wall Street Journal interviewed certain Apple engineers last year they had many good things to share or say about Cook rather than Steve Jobs. They gave examples like Cook is willing to eat with the lower level of employees at the cafeteria, much keener to publicly recognize the work done by his employees, him starting charitable matching program at Apple last year. They concluded by saying that he is way more approachable than Steve Jobs was. All this recent activities done by Cook will lead to better job satisfaction than w hat Apple had earlier. Steve Jobs wasnt that much interested in the motivational sector, although he did a lot for the employees during the entire period that he served at Apple as a CEO. But, Cook has shown much more concern and interest towards employee welfare by adopting new techniques and making himself more accessible to the employees. This definitely gives the employees much better satisfaction as they now have growing incentives and making them feel what they do is known to the world through their name. Money as motivator? One of the process theories which are the goal-setting theory applies to the firm, focuses on the motivational properties of task goals. Employees within the company are highly motivated to attain task goals, which provide direction to employees in their work. The proper framework management of goals within Apple helps clear out performance expectations in the organization. They provide a base for behavioral self-management, which helps employees to improve their performance and be motivated on their job. Apple applies to the reinforcement theory of motivation because it focuses on the external environment and the consequences it holds for the individual. The organization mostly applies to the positive reinforcement strategy which strengthens or increases the frequency of desirable behavior by making a pleasant consequence contingent on it occurrence. Examples of positive reinforcement at Apple include the rewards given by Jobs as mentioned above (opening champagne, vacations, company parties). All employees are motivated to do their best work to accomplish goals because of the rewards they can receive. Incentive compensation system is another method that Apple uses to motivate employees. This includes bonus pay, which provides payments on accomplishing the targets or goals given to specific employee during a particular period. They also have an employee stock ownership plan as mentioned earlier. The performance incentive and ownerships share of ones employment is directly linked to each other. Employees who hold stock of the company are self-motivated to work hard and perform better to raise the market value of the organization. Apple Inc. tries to keep a balance between both financial and non-financial motivators. Although many a times its clearly indicated that Apple uses monetary terms more for the welfare of the employee mainly because, then the employee can use it the way he likes it. The organization also uses non-monetary means to keep their employees pumped up on a frequent basis but Apple obviously prefers to use financial incentive. This could be in wages/salary form, bonus (executives paid 3-5% of their base salary), paid leave, to be able to buy stocks at a cheaper value, different insurance policies, etc. All put in a nutshell, Apple is definitely doing a lot for its employees as present, whether at corporate level or for the workers, be it for full time employees or part time workers. Before people did have complaints regarding the motivation, salary, incentives, bonus, working hours, etc. but as time is passing by Apple is learning the tricks and trade of it and also is making sure that it brings into action the most suitable and the right motivational strategy for its employees to perform better and make sure Apple stays real strong in the market. The backbone for any company is its employees and so is for Apple. After the death of Steve Jobs, people talked within themselves whether Cook will be able to fit in Steve Jobs shoes or not? And all the critics were onto it in a flash. Keeping all this in mind and the fact that many people believed that Apple may see a downfall due to Jobs death, but from the time Cook has taken charge Apple hasnt looked back. In fact Tim Cook has 97% of Approval rating in comparison to Steve Jobs 95% of Approval rating. Here are some of the famous quotes by Steve Jobs: Innovation distinguishes between a leader and a follower. Be a yardstick of quality, some people arent used to an environment where excellence is expected. The only way to do a great work is to love what you do. The people, who are crazy enough to think they can change the world, are the ones who do.